XeTeX
XeTeX is a typesetting system which allows one to use Unicode within the LaTeX source, making it much easier to use any OpenType or TrueType font with LaTeX. XeTeX is available for all major platforms, it is a standard component of the complete TeX Live distribution, and can be used as a command line tool or via a graphical user interface. Its input file is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding by default.
XeTeX enables classicists best of two worlds: the typographic features offered by LaTeX together with Unicode representations and codes for polytonic Greek. For example, a text or a sentence could be pasted from a Unicode source directly into a .tex file, which would then be processed with XeTeX typesetting engine to produce e. g. a PDF document.
Further resources
There is a XeTeX mailing list for questions or discussion about installing or using the system.
XeTeX has its page on Wikipedia.
Some Unicode fonts containing polytonic Greek glyphs, which can be used with XeTeX, are Gentium, GFS Neohellenic, Old Standard TT.