Vocabularies for classicists: Difference between revisions

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Classicists working on digital projects that involve data are encouraged to link their data to the [http://semanticweb.org/ semantic web]. If you are new to the topic, [[Linked open data|start here]] ([[Linked open data]]).
Classicists working on digital projects that involve data are encouraged to link their data to the [http://semanticweb.org/ semantic web]. If you are new to the topic, [[Linked open data|start here]] ([[Linked open data]]).


In thinking about new vocabularies, whether for subjects, predicates, or objects of triples, one should begin with a survey of what already exists. By using one another's vocabularies, we reinforce the interoperability, and therefore utility, of our data. And it saves the time of having to reinvent the wheel. Below are a selection of vocabularies that may be useful to classicists. A master list of datasets is maintained by [http://datahub.io/ ckan's Data Hub], and is an excellent place to look for obscure ontologies and controlled vocabularies. Datasets that are especially helpful for scholars of premodernity are here:
In thinking about new vocabularies, whether for subjects, predicates, or objects of triples, one should begin with a survey of what already exists. By using one another's vocabularies, we reinforce the interoperability, and therefore utility, of our data. And it saves us the time needed to invent a taxonomy.  


== General ==
Sets of RDF vocabularies tend to fall in two groups: (1) terms for items, persons, concepts, and other resources and (2) terms for the relations that hold between resources. The first group correspond to what many scholars call controlled vocabulary, and they frequently show up as the subjects and objects of triples. The second corresponds to the vocabularies used in ontologies (e.g., RDFS, OWL, SKOS), and frequently show up as the predicates of triples.
 
== Resources (names of things; ideal for subjects and objects of triples) ==
''These projects listed below rely not merely upon a unique identification system, but one rooted in IRIs, whether URL-based or URNs.''
 
=== General ===
* [http://wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]
* [http://dbpedia.org/ DBPedia]
* [http://www.freebase.com/ Freebase]
* An extensive list of datasets is maintained by [http://datahub.io/ ckan's Data Hub], and is an excellent place to look for controlled vocabularies.
 
=== Writing (texts, bibliography, works, text manifestations) ===
* [http://datahub.io/dataset/linkedlccn Linked LCCN]
* [http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/ Marc Codes List]
* [http://www.europeana.eu/ Europeana] -- any item (books, manuscripts, etc.) listed in this catalog is furnished a unique identifier, many of which are URNs or URLs and can be used
* [http://dp.la/ Digital Public Library of America] -- similar to Europeana, although holdings reflect priorities of institutions in the United States
* [http://cts3.sourceforge.net/ Canonical Text Services] (CTS), exemplified by [http://sites.tufts.edu/perseusupdates/beta-features/perseus-cts-api/ Perseus]; see also comments on implementation by [http://inlustre.net/2013/04/how-to-retrieve-ancient-text-data-from-perseus/ Scot Mcphee]
 
====Text/object data====
Vocabularies for:
*Object and Monuments
**[[http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/ EAGLE Object Type]]
**[[http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/ Art and Architecture]]
* Decorative features
**[[http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/decor/ EAGLE Decoration]]
**[[http://www.limc-france.fr/bases LIMC]]
**[[http://www.iconclass.org/ IconClass]]
* Material
**[[http://chc.sbg.ac.at/sri/thesaurus/ Simplified Petrography]]
** [[http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/ EAGLE Material]]
* Text category or Type
** [[http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typins/ EAGLE Type of Inscription]]
* Execution of Writing
** [[http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/writing/ EAGLE Writing]]
* Various topics
**[[http://archwort.dainst.org/thesaurus/de/vocab/ DAI Vocabulary]]
 
=== Geography ===
* [http://www.geonames.org/ Geonames]
* [http://linkedgeodata.org/About Linked GeoData]
* [[Pleiades]]
* [[Pelagios]]
 
=== People ===
The '''[[Standards for Networking Ancient Prosopographies]]''' project is now curating a virtual authority of ancient people using RDF exports from many other major digital prosopographies.
 
Other major person-data or prosopographical resources include:
* [[catalog-of-deities|Notes towards the catalog of deities]]
* [http://viaf.org/ VIAF]
* [http://isni.org/ ISNI]
* [[Lexicon of Greek Personal Names]]
* [[Trismegistos]]
* [[Prosopographia Imperii Romani]]
* See also [[Greco-Roman Prosopographies]]
 
====Person data====
 
Vocabularies for?
* occupation
* titulature
* status
* ethnicity
* relationships (e.g. [[SNAP]])
 
=== Objects ===
* [http://nomisma.org/ Nomisma]
* [http://papyri.info Papyri.info]
 
=== Topics ===
* [http://authorities.loc.gov/ Library of Congress Authorities]
 
== Ontologies (terms for relationships; ideal for predicates of triples) ==
 
=== General ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ RDF Vocabulary Description Language, also known as RDF Schema (RDFS)]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ RDF Vocabulary Description Language, also known as RDF Schema (RDFS)]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ Web Ontology Language (OWL)]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ Web Ontology Language (OWL)]
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* [http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core]
* [http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core]
* [http://www.foaf-project.org/ Friend of a Friend]
* [http://www.foaf-project.org/ Friend of a Friend]
* [http://wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]
* [http://dbpedia.org/ DBPedia]
* [https://github.com/hcayless/LAWD Cayless, ontology for Linked Ancient World Data] (Apr. 2013: preliminary notes for material that will eventually populate [http://lawd.info LAWD.info])
* [https://github.com/hcayless/LAWD Cayless, ontology for Linked Ancient World Data] (Apr. 2013: preliminary notes for material that will eventually populate [http://lawd.info LAWD.info])
''See [http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Ontology a list of others here]. See [http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/ here for a visual map].''
''See [http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Ontology a list of others here]. See [http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/ here for a visual map].''


== Bibliography and Texts ==
=== Writing (texts, bibliography, works, text manifestations) ===
''It is helpful to understand something about the hierarchy of texts (such as the one adopted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records] [FRBR]). Vocabularies describing ancient works in the abstract (under FRBR called works) will take a different approach than ones describing manuscripts, papyri, ostraca, etc. (under FRBR called items)''
''It is helpful to understand something about the hierarchy of texts (such as the one adopted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records] [FRBR]). Vocabularies describing ancient works in the abstract (under FRBR called works) will take a different approach than ones describing manuscripts, papyri, ostraca, etc. (under FRBR called items)''


* [http://www.ifla.org/node/947 FRBR-related efforts] -- discusses semantic web ontologies that align with FRBR in its goals and reliance upon acronym nomenclature: CIDOC CRM, ABC, EAD, XOBIS
* [http://www.ifla.org/node/947 FRBR-related efforts] -- discusses semantic web ontologies that align with FRBR in its goals and reliance upon acronym nomenclature: CIDOC CRM, ABC, EAD, XOBIS
* [http://www.cidoc-crm.org/frbr_inro.html FRBRoo] -- an ontology that tries to synthesize ontologies and vocabulary embraced by libraries (FRBR) and museums (CIDOC CRM)
* [http://www.cidoc-crm.org/frbr_inro.html FRBRoo] -- an ontology that tries to synthesize ontologies and vocabulary embraced by libraries (FRBR) and museums (CIDOC CRM)
* [http://purl.org/spar/cito/ Citation Ontology]
* [http://purl.org/spar/ Semantic Publishing and Referencing] (SPAR); a suite of ontologies dealing with bibliography and citation (see esp. [http://purl.org/spar/cito/ Citation Ontology])
* [http://datahub.io/dataset/linkedlccn Linked LCCN]
* [http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/ Marc Codes List]
* [http://www.openannotation.org Open Annotation]
* [http://www.openannotation.org Open Annotation]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/# W3C Provenance Ontology]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/# W3C Provenance Ontology]
* [http://wiki.digitalclassicist.org/Sharing_Ancient_Wisdoms_%28SAWS%29 SAWS Ontology for recording links within interrelated collections of texts]  
* [http://wiki.digitalclassicist.org/Sharing_Ancient_Wisdoms_%28SAWS%29 SAWS Ontology for recording links within interrelated collections of texts]  


Note, that although the following are not vocabularies per se, they are important for the creation of vocabularies or RDF triples that involve ancient texts:
=== Geography ===
* [http://cts3.sourceforge.net/ Canonical Text Services] (CTS)
* [http://sites.tufts.edu/perseusupdates/beta-features/perseus-cts-api/ Perseus] (uses CTS)
 
== Geography ==
 
* [http://geovocab.org/spatial# NeoGeo Spatial Ontology]
* [http://geovocab.org/spatial# NeoGeo Spatial Ontology]
* [http://www.geonames.org/ Geonames]
* [http://linkedgeodata.org/About Linked GeoData]
* [http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab# Pleiades Place/Location/Name Vocabulary]
* [http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab# Pleiades Place/Location/Name Vocabulary]
* [http://pleiades.stoa.org/places Pleiades Places]
== Prosopography, persons ==
* [http://viaf.org/ VIAF]
* [http://isni.org/ ISNI]
* [http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/ Lexicon of Greek Personal Names]
== Objects ==
* [http://nomisma.org/ Nomisma]
* [http://papyri.info Papyri.info]
== Topics ==
* [http://authorities.loc.gov/ Library of Congress Authorities]


For other examples of projects that use controlled vocabularies for linked open data, see the [[:category:linked open data|category listing]] as well as [[Very clean URIs]].
For other projects that use controlled vocabularies for linked open data, see the [[:category:linked open data|category listing]] as well as [[Very clean URIs]].


[[category:linked open data]] [[category:FAQ]] [[category:Citation in digital scholarship]]
[[category:linked open data]] [[category:FAQ]] [[category:Citation in digital scholarship]]

Revision as of 15:42, 18 July 2018

Classicists working on digital projects that involve data are encouraged to link their data to the semantic web. If you are new to the topic, start here (Linked open data).

In thinking about new vocabularies, whether for subjects, predicates, or objects of triples, one should begin with a survey of what already exists. By using one another's vocabularies, we reinforce the interoperability, and therefore utility, of our data. And it saves us the time needed to invent a taxonomy.

Sets of RDF vocabularies tend to fall in two groups: (1) terms for items, persons, concepts, and other resources and (2) terms for the relations that hold between resources. The first group correspond to what many scholars call controlled vocabulary, and they frequently show up as the subjects and objects of triples. The second corresponds to the vocabularies used in ontologies (e.g., RDFS, OWL, SKOS), and frequently show up as the predicates of triples.

Resources (names of things; ideal for subjects and objects of triples)

These projects listed below rely not merely upon a unique identification system, but one rooted in IRIs, whether URL-based or URNs.

General

Writing (texts, bibliography, works, text manifestations)

Text/object data

Vocabularies for:

Geography

People

The Standards for Networking Ancient Prosopographies project is now curating a virtual authority of ancient people using RDF exports from many other major digital prosopographies.

Other major person-data or prosopographical resources include:

Person data

Vocabularies for?

  • occupation
  • titulature
  • status
  • ethnicity
  • relationships (e.g. SNAP)

Objects

Topics

Ontologies (terms for relationships; ideal for predicates of triples)

General

See a list of others here. See here for a visual map.

Writing (texts, bibliography, works, text manifestations)

It is helpful to understand something about the hierarchy of texts (such as the one adopted by Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records [FRBR]). Vocabularies describing ancient works in the abstract (under FRBR called works) will take a different approach than ones describing manuscripts, papyri, ostraca, etc. (under FRBR called items)

Geography

For other projects that use controlled vocabularies for linked open data, see the category listing as well as Very clean URIs.

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