The Digital Classicist Wiki - User contributions [en-gb]

Coptic SCRIPTORIUM

2021-06-01T16:55:19Z

VirginiaKnight: adding contact and editors

==Available==

* http://coptic.pacific.edu/
* https://copticscriptorium.org/

==Contact==

* contact@copticscriptorium.org

==Editors==

* Caroline T. Schroeder
* Amir Zeldes

==Description==

[http://coptic.pacific.edu Coptic SCRIPTORIUM] ('''S'''ahidic '''C'''orpus '''R'''esearch: '''I'''nternet '''P'''la'''t'''f'''or'''m for '''I'''nterdisciplinary m'''u'''ltilayer '''M'''ethods) is a project being developed by Caroline T. Schroeder ([http://www.pacific.edu the University of the Pacific]) and Amir Zeldes (Georgetown University) to create an interdisciplinary platform for search and computational research in texts in the Coptic language, particularly the Sahidic dialect.

As a fully open-source platform, the Coptic SCRIPTORIUM technologies and corpus will function as a collaborative environment for digital research by any scholars working in Coptic. It will provide tools to process texts, a searchable richly-annotated corpus of texts processed in part with such tools, a collaborative platform for scholars to use and contribute to the project, and research results generated from the tools and corpus.

The project has developed the first freely available part-of-speech tagger for any phase of the Egyptian language. It also has character converters to convert text from some older Coptic fonts into [[Coptic (Unicode)|Coptic]] Unicode. It includes a search page for the Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon (v1.2) containing 11263 entries and 31847 forms of Egyptian-Coptic and Greek-Coptic datasets. The lexicon has been produced together with the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae project ("Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache", BBAW) and the “Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic” (DDGLC, Freie Universität Berlin).

[[Category:projects]]
[[category:EpiDoc]]
[[Category:Opensource]]
[[category:Openaccess]]
[[category:XML]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Unicode]]
[[category:Morphology]]
[[category:Lemmatisation]]
[[category:corpora]]
[[category:Egyptology]]
[[category:Linguistics]]
[[category:lexica]]

Coptic SCRIPTORIUM

2021-06-01T16:48:18Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ adding info on Coptic lexicon

==Available==

* http://coptic.pacific.edu/
* https://copticscriptorium.org/

==Description==

[http://coptic.pacific.edu Coptic SCRIPTORIUM] ('''S'''ahidic '''C'''orpus '''R'''esearch: '''I'''nternet '''P'''la'''t'''f'''or'''m for '''I'''nterdisciplinary m'''u'''ltilayer '''M'''ethods) is a project being developed by Caroline T. Schroeder ([http://www.pacific.edu the University of the Pacific]) and Amir Zeldes (Georgetown University) to create an interdisciplinary platform for search and computational research in texts in the Coptic language, particularly the Sahidic dialect.

As a fully open-source platform, the Coptic SCRIPTORIUM technologies and corpus will function as a collaborative environment for digital research by any scholars working in Coptic. It will provide tools to process texts, a searchable richly-annotated corpus of texts processed in part with such tools, a collaborative platform for scholars to use and contribute to the project, and research results generated from the tools and corpus.

The project has developed the first freely available part-of-speech tagger for any phase of the Egyptian language. It also has character converters to convert text from some older Coptic fonts into [[Coptic (Unicode)|Coptic]] Unicode. It includes a search page for the Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon (v1.2) containing 11263 entries and 31847 forms of Egyptian-Coptic and Greek-Coptic datasets. The lexicon has been produced together with the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae project ("Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache", BBAW) and the “Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic” (DDGLC, Freie Universität Berlin).

[[Category:projects]]
[[category:EpiDoc]]
[[Category:Opensource]]
[[category:Openaccess]]
[[category:XML]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Unicode]]
[[category:Morphology]]
[[category:Lemmatisation]]
[[category:corpora]]
[[category:Egyptology]]
[[category:Linguistics]]
[[category:lexica]]

Glottothèque

2021-06-01T16:30:40Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ adding more detail

==Available==

* https://spw.uni-goettingen.de/projects/aig/

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 2021-05-04):

:Indo-European Linguistics has produced a wealth of knowledge about the grammars of Ancient Indo-European languages, which has substantially advanced our understanding of the history of language and the human past in general. The aim of this project is to help to present it to a wider audience in an easily accessible and up-to-date form. In line with this vision, a team of experts on Indo-European languages from all over the world offers courses introducing twelve of the most important Indo-European languages and their grammars.

:This production is part of the project ''Ancient Indo-European Languages for the 21st Century'', funded by the programme "Internationalization of Curricula" at the University of Göttingen and the Linguistics Department (Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar) at Göttingen.

The lectures for each language (usually 15-30 minutes long) are grouped under the following headings: Introduction, Sounds, Words, Structures and (for some) Texts. They cover phonetics, phonology, prosody, morphology and syntax. A knowledge of linguistic terminology is assumed. The selected languages are well-attested early examples from the different known branches of the Indo-European languages.

==Editors==

* Ralf Köster
* Saverio Dalpedri
* Götz Keydana
* Stavros Skopeteas

==Copyright==

* Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Germany (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE)

[[category:projects]]
[[category:linguistics]]
[[category:Armenian]]
[[category:Celtic]]
[[category:Hittite]]
[[category:Persian]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]

Glottothèque

2021-05-04T17:02:34Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Celtic, Hittite categories

==Available==

* https://spw.uni-goettingen.de/projects/aig/

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 2021-05-04):

:Indo-European Linguistics has produced a wealth of knowledge about the grammars of Ancient Indo-European languages, which has substantially advanced our understanding of the history of language and the human past in general. The aim of this project is to help to present it to a wider audience in an easily accessible and up-to-date form. In line with this vision, a team of experts on Indo-European languages from all over the world offers courses introducing twelve of the most important Indo-European languages and their grammars.

:This production is part of the project ''Ancient Indo-European Languages for the 21st Century'', funded by the programme "Internationalization of Curricula" at the University of Göttingen and the Linguistics Department (Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar) at Göttingen.

The lectures for each language are grouped under the following headings: Introduction, Sounds, Words, Structures and (for some) Texts.

==Editors==

* Ralf Köster
* Saverio Dalpedri
* Götz Keydana
* Stavros Skopeteas

==Copyright==

* Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Germany (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE)

[[category:projects]]
[[category:linguistics]]
[[category:Armenian]]
[[category:Celtic]]
[[category:Hittite]]
[[category:Persian]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]

Amanuensis

2021-05-04T17:00:41Z

VirginiaKnight: adding recent additions to resource

==Available==
* http://www.riedlberger.de/08amanuensis.html

==Authors==
* Josef Menner, University of Linz (author of Romtext)
* [http://www.rosenbaum-games.de/ Günther Rosenbaum]
* [http://www.riedlberger.de/01cv.html Peter Riedlberger], University of Bamburg (creator of the Amanuensis application)

==Description==
From the project website (accessed 2021-05-04):
<blockquote>
Amanuensis:Roman Law is a utility for conducting searches within the database of Latin sources pertaining to Roman Law created by the University of Linz (“Romtext”). By courtesy of Hofrat Dr. Josef Menner, the copyright holder of Romtext, Amanuensis includes the complete Romtext database.
Amanuensis:Roman Law is available in different versions for Microsoft Windows, MacOS, iOS, and Android devices.
Amanuensis:ACO combines the search routine of the original Amanuensis with a new database: the Latin portions of the Acts of the Ecumenical Councils.
The current version, 1.5, includes (only) ACO 1.2, 1.3, 1.5.1, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.1, 2.3.3, 2.4 and 2.5. Future updates will add further texts. At present, Amanuensis:ACO is only available for Windows.
Amanuensis: Generic enables you to load any text file and use on it the powerful Amanuensis search interface. Use cases for Amanuensis: Generic include searching through downloads from Archive.org, through Latin or Greek texts (XML-encoded or not; Greek texts can be in beta code) or through your own scans in any language. At present, Amanuensis:Generic is only available for Windows.
</blockquote>

[[Category:Corpora]]
[[Category:Openaccess]]
[category:XML]]

Glottothèque

2021-05-04T16:53:14Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ format of date

==Available==

* https://spw.uni-goettingen.de/projects/aig/

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 2021-05-04):

:Indo-European Linguistics has produced a wealth of knowledge about the grammars of Ancient Indo-European languages, which has substantially advanced our understanding of the history of language and the human past in general. The aim of this project is to help to present it to a wider audience in an easily accessible and up-to-date form. In line with this vision, a team of experts on Indo-European languages from all over the world offers courses introducing twelve of the most important Indo-European languages and their grammars.

:This production is part of the project ''Ancient Indo-European Languages for the 21st Century'', funded by the programme "Internationalization of Curricula" at the University of Göttingen and the Linguistics Department (Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar) at Göttingen.

The lectures for each language are grouped under the following headings: Introduction, Sounds, Words, Structures and (for some) Texts.

==Editors==

* Ralf Köster
* Saverio Dalpedri
* Götz Keydana
* Stavros Skopeteas

==Copyright==

* Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Germany (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE)

[[category:projects]]
[[category:linguistics]]
[[category:Armenian]]
[[category:Persian]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]

Glottotheque

2021-05-04T16:40:51Z

VirginiaKnight: VirginiaKnight moved page Glottotheque to Glottothèque: grave accent

#REDIRECT [[Glottothèque]]

Glottothèque

2021-05-04T16:40:51Z

VirginiaKnight: VirginiaKnight moved page Glottotheque to Glottothèque: grave accent

==Available==

* https://spw.uni-goettingen.de/projects/aig/

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 04-05-2021):

:Indo-European Linguistics has produced a wealth of knowledge about the grammars of Ancient Indo-European languages, which has substantially advanced our understanding of the history of language and the human past in general. The aim of this project is to help to present it to a wider audience in an easily accessible and up-to-date form. In line with this vision, a team of experts on Indo-European languages from all over the world offers courses introducing twelve of the most important Indo-European languages and their grammars.

:This production is part of the project ''Ancient Indo-European Languages for the 21st Century'', funded by the programme "Internationalization of Curricula" at the University of Göttingen and the Linguistics Department (Sprachwissenschaftliches Seminar) at Göttingen.

The lectures for each language are grouped under the following headings: Introduction, Sounds, Words, Structures and (for some) Texts.

==Editors==

* Ralf Köster
* Saverio Dalpedri
* Götz Keydana
* Stavros Skopeteas

==Copyright==

* Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Germany (CC BY-ND 3.0 DE)

[[category:projects]]
[[category:linguistics]]
[[category:Armenian]]
[[category:Persian]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]

Glottothèque

2021-05-04T16:36:57Z

VirginiaKnight: Creating resource

Database of Ottoman Inscriptions

2021-04-06T16:56:23Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Persian category

==Available==

* http://info.ottomaninscriptions.com/

==Description==

Taken from project website (accessed 2019-06-04):

:This project aims to develop a searchable digital database comprising information about, as well as transliterations and pictures of, all the Turkish, Arabic and Persian architectural inscriptions created in the Ottoman lands during Ottoman times. While tombstone inscriptions are not included in this database, the database does incorporate those inscription texts which were composed but for one reason or another were not actually carved onto a stone; and also, inscriptions that have not survived the passage of time, but which are available to us in the “chronogram” sections of poetry collections. Incorporating these chronograms will give researchers the opportunity to evaluate inscriptions which were otherwise long lost.

:The starting point of the project is the systematic recording of the inscriptions of Istanbul, Bursa and Edirne. Since the editors have decided to begin by entering previously published data into the database, researchers may encounter entries on inscriptions from cities other than Istanbul as well.

:The Database of Ottoman Inscriptions (DOI) is searchable by the benefactor’s name, the location of the building containing the inscription, and the date of construction, as well the types of script or poem.

==Editors==

* http://info.ottomaninscriptions.com/people/

==Copyright==

* http://info.ottomaninscriptions.com/about/

[[category:projects]]
[[category:epigraphy]]
[[category:Persian]]

Thesaurus d'Epigraphie Islamique

2021-04-06T16:55:18Z

VirginiaKnight: correcting Old Persian (which is pre-Islamic) to Persian

==Available==
* https://maxvanberchem.org/en/thesaurus-d-epigraphie-islamique
==Editors==
* SOUDAN Frédérique
* KALUS Ludvik
==Description==
The '''Thesaurus d'Epigraphie Islamique''' is a database of Islamic inscriptions in Arabic, Persian and Turkish funded by the [https://maxvanberchem.org/en/ ''Max van Berchem Foundation'']. The project started in 1992. The first issues of the ''Thesaurus d'Epigraphie Islamique'' were presented to the public in the form of a CD-Rom. The first saw the light in 1998, offering inscriptions from the Maghreb, followed in 1999 by those from the Arabian Peninsula, in 2001 from Central Asia, in 2003 from Egypt (double delivery) and in 2005 from the Indian world. In April 2009 a decisive restructuring allowed, on the one hand, to search by word in the Arabic texts - which is the greatest value of the Thesaurus - of the PC version, on the other hand the addition of photos, to the benefit of the precious photo library by Max van Berchem and other fonds. Since October 2011, it has been available [http://www.epigraphie-islamique.uliege.be/thesaurus/ online]. The ''Max van Berchem Foundation'' offers access to its site free of charge.
The 15th instalment of the ''Thesaurus d'Epigraphie Islamique'' was released in June 2020; its name is "Edition 2020". It contains inscriptions from Eastern Europe grouped together with the 14 previous instalments which cover Maghreb countries, the Arabian Peninsula, Central (ex-Soviet) Asia, Egypt, the Indian World, Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, Near East, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Caucasus, Russia and Ukraine. Approximately 49'000 epigraphical files of inscriptions are available (4'500 toponyms) as well as 14'000 photographs. All regions in the program of the ''Thesaurus'' are covered. New editions will be issued every two years and will contain newly discovered inscriptions as well as additions and edtions of previous inscriptions.

[[category:Projects]]
[[category:Openaccess]]
[[category:Epigraphy]]
[[category:Arabic]]
[[category:Persian]]

Corpus of Ancient Label Inscriptions

2021-04-06T16:49:28Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

==Available==

* Project description: https://www.klassische-archaeologie.uni-mainz.de/cali-corpus-of-ancient-label-inscriptions/ (Dead link as of August 2019)

==Author==

* Heide Frielinghaus
* Francisca Feraudi-Gruénais

==Description==

From the project web page (accessed 2019-01-31):

<blockquote> Das Vorhaben zielt darauf ab, die antiken Beischriften erstmals in einem Corpus zu erfassen und als historisch verwertbare Quelle zu erschließen. Hierdurch soll eine in den grundsätzlich hierfür "zuständigen" Disziplinen der Klassischen Archäologie und der Epigraphik weitgehend unberücksichtigt gebliebene reiche Ressource, welche für das Verständnis - nicht allein antiker - Text-Bild-Beziehungen von maßgeblicher Bedeutung ist, kulturwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen zugänglich gemacht werden.

Das nach archäologisch-epigraphisch einschlägigen Kriterien strukturierte und kommentierte Material soll sowohl in einem gedruckten Corpus (CALI) vorgelegt werden als auch über eine komplexe, in Deutsch und Englisch nutzbare Suchmaschine online abfragbar sein (CALIonline).

Die Materialsammlung für die gedruckte Corpusedition und die über ein Suchformular zugängliche online-Präsentation wird im Sinne nachhaltiger Datenspeicherung auf XML-Basis im TEI/epidoc-Standard in ein und demselben Datenarchiv erfolgen. Mittels einer solchen, als Option für crosswalks mit anderen elektronischen Datenarchiven zur Verfügung stehenden Open-Access-Ressource, wird zugleich ein Beitrag zur synergetischen Vernetzung von Datenrepositorien geleistet.</blockquote>

===Previous description as of November 2007===

<blockquote>'''Beischriften on Wall and Floor Decoration in the Greek and Roman World'''
Francisca Feraudi-Gruénais maintains in EpiDoc format a reference collection of primary texts to support her research into Beischriften (captions, legends and other texts associated with artistic works). These are generally not "freestanding" inscriptions; rather, they comment in some way upon figural decoration. Her collection includes dipinti (painted texts) on frescoes and Greek, Roman and Etruscan wall paintings, as well as mosaic inscriptions. Rather than simply using word-processing files to collect and maintain this information, F. decided to mark them up in XML so that they might eventually be of use to others.</blockquote>

[[category:Projects]]
[[category:epigraphy]]
[[category:EpiDoc]]
[[category:Etruscan]]

Alphabetum

2021-04-06T16:48:26Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

==Available==
* http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphaeng.html

==Creator==

* [http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/author.html Juan José Marcos]

==Description==
Taken from website (accessed 2017-10-03):

:A multilingual Unicode font (TTF, TrueType font) for ancient languages: classic & medieval Latin, ancient Greek, Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan, Messapic, Picene), Gothic, Iberian, Celtiberian, old & middle English, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Runic, Ogham, Ugaritic, Anatolian scripts (Lydian, Lycian, Carian, Phrygian, Sidetic), Inscriptional Parthian, Meroitic, Old Persian cuneiform, Coptic, Glagolitic, Phoenician, Old Cyrillic, Old Church Slavonic, Linear B, Brahmi, Inscriptional Pahlavi, Old Turkic, Kharosthi, Cypriot, Avestan, Imperial Aramaic, Old Hungarian (rovásírás), Ancient Greek musical notation, Ancient Greek acrophonic numerals, New Testament editorial symbols, Ancient Greek papyrological numbers, Phaistos Disc, Byzantine musical symbols, Aegean numbers and old & medieval Nordic.

Palaeographic Greek and palaeographic Latin fonts are also available from this site.

Several different types of licence are available and there is a free trial version.

[[category:fonts]]
[[category:epigraphy]]
[[category:paywalled]]
[[category:Persian]]
[[category:Phoenician]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]
[[category:Etruscan]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Unicode]]

Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae-France

2021-04-06T16:47:34Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

==Available==
* http://www.limc-france.fr/presentation

==Description==
'''LIMC-icon''' contains data relating to ancient Greek, Roman and Etruscan documents bearing a mythological or religious representation kept both in France and elsewhere that have been catalogued and analysed by the French LIMC team.

LIMC-icon is not an electronic version of the ''Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae'', it is an independent and complementary source of information. An ancient document can therefore be dealt with either in the database, or in the book, or in both.

'''LIMC-biblio''' contains recent (1997-2009) bibliographical data to complete the information published in the LIMC volumes.

'''LIMC-abrev''' allows you to find the list of the articles published in the LIMC and the full names of the bibliographical abbreviations used in the LIMC, in the ThesCRA and on this site.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:Cultural heritage]]
[[category:Institutions]]
[[category:images]]
[[category:paywalled]]
[[category:mythology]]
[[category:Etruscan]]

Ancient European Languages And Writings

2021-04-06T16:46:38Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

== Available ==

* http://aelaw.unizar.es/

== Description ==

Ancient European Languages And Writings (AELAW) is a research project aiming at studying the ancient fragmentary languages of Europe and at creating a large online databank of documents in those languages.

Fragmentary ancient languages are those whose evidence only survives in fragmentary or rare documents, mostly being inscriptions on stone, metal or pottery.

Those languages include "Etruscan, Raetic, Camunic, Venetic, Faliscan, Messapic, Osco-Umbrian, Sicel, Sicanian, Elymian, Ligurian, Lepontic, Gaulish, Lusitanian, Celtiberian, Iberian, 'Tartessian', Vasconic / Aquitanian, Thracian, Lemnian" (from the [http://www.eagle-network.eu/about/events/eagle2016/digital-poster-exhibition/?pid=85 poster] presented at the [http://www.eagle-network.eu/about/events/eagle2016/ EAGLE 2016 Conference]).

[[Category: Epigraphy]]
[[Category: Projects]]
[[Category: Linguistics]]
[[category:Etruscan]]

Archaic Etruscan Tomb Painting

2021-04-06T16:45:28Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

==Available==

* http://catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/record=b3028228~S7

==Authors and Contributors==

* Jess Galloway
* P. Gregory Warden
* Michael Thomas
* Prajña Desai

==Format==

CD-ROM Archaic Etruscan tomb painting: five Tarquinian tombs, director and producer: Jess Galloway; editor: P. Gregory Warden; specialized texts contributed by Michael Thomas, Prajña Desai, and P. Gregory Warden. Dallas, TX: P. Gregory Warden and Southern Methodist University, c2001.

==Description==

From the Institute of Classical Studies Library catalogue (accessed 2020-10-04)

<blockquote> This CD presents Quicktime VR of five spectacular painted tombs at the Etruscan site of Tarquinia. Detailed photos, plans, and descriptive texts place the tombs in cultural and historical context. The Quicktime VR movies on this CD afford the unique opportunity to view the tombs in their entirety." {Back cover of case.}</blockquote>

[[category:Projects]]
[[category:Virtual reality]]
[[category:3D]]
[[category:Etruscan]]

Etruscan Texts Project

2021-04-06T16:44:31Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Etruscan category

==Available==

* http://etp.classics.umass.edu

==Description==

ETP is an online editio minor of Etruscan inscriptions. When completed, the ETP database will include all Etruscan inscriptions that have been recovered and made public since 1990, the date at which Helmut Rix et al. Etruskische Texte (1991) went to press. The ETP Web site includes a searchable online database of recently recovered Etruscan inscriptions (presently more than 300 texts) and a guide that provides general information about the organization of the Web site, the structure of the database, and the conventions employed in the presentation of texts. A completely new version of ETP is currently under development (anticipated release end 2007). It will employ EpiDoc encodings and feature improved search capabilities, seamless integration with Etruscan News Online, new additions to the corpus, and an entirely new design and interface.

==Editors==

* Rex Wallace
* Michael Shamgochian
* James Patterson

[[category:Projects]]
[[category:epigraphy]]
[[category:Etruscan]]

Patristic Text Archive

2021-04-06T16:41:25Z

VirginiaKnight: adding Late Antiquity category

==Available==

* https://pta.bbaw.de/pta/

==Editors==

* Annette von Stockhausen

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 2021-04-06):

:The Patristic Text Archive offers a collection of texts and translations of Christian texts from antiquity (i.e. “Patristic” is conceived in a very broad sense). At the moment the archive mainly contains Greek texts, but it is explicitly open to all languages in which texts from Christian antiquity have come down to us. The archive is also a place for translations of Patristic texts into all modern languages.

:In the Patristic Text Archive, all texts are published under an open Creative Commons License (CC-BY, CC-BY-SA) for use and re-use. All texts are available as XML files and are encoded in accordance with the Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange (in version P5) of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) using its own schema. All files are deposited following the CapiTainS Guidelines in order to ensure the greatest possible compatibility with other text archives.

:Critical editions will be used as far as possible and, if it is legal and feasible, the text-critical information is also digitized. Where this is not possible, older and/or non-critical editions will also be made available. Where possible, the editions in the archive also contain further annotations, such as references to the bible, to places (with links to the Pleiades Gazetteer or to persons (with links to the Common Authority File [GND] or to the Tyndale Individualized Proper Names with all References list).

The texts may be searched (full text and/or metadata) or browsed. As at April 2021 the project is still in beta. Contributions to the site are welcomed.

[[category:Projects]]
[[category:Byzantine]]
[[category:XML]]
[[category:Late Antiquity]]

Studies in Digital Heritage

2021-04-06T16:39:45Z

VirginiaKnight: correcting Journals category

==Available==

* Permalink: http://www.studiesdh.org/
* Home: https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/sdh/index

==Editor-in-chief==

* Gabriele Guidi

==Description==

From the journal website (accessed 2021-03-02):

<blockquote>
Studies in Digital Heritage (SDH) is a peer-reviewed academic journal established by the Office of Scholarly Publishing (OSP) and the Virtual World Heritage Lab at Indiana University. The mission of SDH is to promote the open exchange of information and knowledge among researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and others who strive to improve the collection, use, management, preservation and dissemination of Digitized Cultural Heritage. The vision of SDH is to be the premier forum where the scientific discussion among scholars can be developed, touching the entire gamut of Digital Heritage. SDH publishes peer-reviewed research articles and occasionally non-peer reviewed materials (e.g. interviews, editorials) with biannual frequency.
</blockquote>

[[category:journals]]
[[category:cultural heritage]]

Patristic Text Archive

2021-04-06T16:38:47Z

VirginiaKnight: creating page

Geography of Knowledge in Assyria and Babylonia

2021-04-06T16:19:38Z

VirginiaKnight: capitalising category

==Available==

* http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/cams/gkab/

==Project Staff==

* Marie-Françoise Besnier, full-time researcher
* Philippe Clancier, full-time researcher
* Graham Cunningham, part-time senior researcher
* Ruth Horry, website consultant
* Frances Reynolds, part-time researcher
* Eleanor Robson, co-director
* Kathryn Stevens, research assistant
* Steve Tinney, co-director
* Greta Van Buylaere, full-time researcher

==Description==

From the project website (accessed 2020-08-04):

The '''Geography of Knowledge in Assyria and Babylonia''' research project, which ran from 2007 to 2012, studied the scholarship of Assyria and Babylonia by editing the contents of four ancient "libraries" for the Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship (CAMS), and by analysing their changing socio-political contexts.

===A diachronic analysis of four scholarly libraries===

<blockquote>While many hundreds of individual scholarly works have been edited and published from cuneiform libraries, there have been almost no in-depth studies of the libraries in their entirety. Previous analyses have often decontextualised and fragmented Assyro-Babylonian scholarship into modern disciplinary categories such as 'science', 'magic', and 'religion'. This project aims to restore context and coherence to that scholarship by studying it holistically.

To that end we undertook a comparative study of four scholarly libraries for which adequate archaeological data exist:

* the Neo-Assyrian temple library of Nabû in the royal city of Nimrud/Kalhu in northern Iraq (Wiseman and Black, Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud, 4 [1996])
* the library found outside a priestly family house in Sultantepe/Huzirina near Harran, in a western province of the Neo-Assyrian empire (Gurney and Finkelstein, Gurney and Hulin, Sultantepe Tablets, 1-2 [1957, 1964]), destroyed, like the temple library, in c.612 BCE
* the library from a private house from area Ue 18 in Uruk, owned by two separate families of āšipu scholars, c.450-300 BCE (Hunger, von Weiher, Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk, 1-5 [1976-1998])
* the library of Rēš, temple of the great sky god Anu-Zeus in Uruk, c.200 BCE (van Dijk and Mayer, Baghdader Mitteilungen, Beiheft 10 [1983] and related, informally excavated tablets).

Later in the project, we made quantitative analyses of the manuscripts' linguistic and orthographic features to look for small-scale and large-scale geographical and diachronic change. We used methodology from the history of science to explain those continuities, changes, and idiosyncracies in relation to the social, intellectual, and political contexts in which the scholars were working.</blockquote>

===The Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship===

<blockquote>The project uses open, standards-based encoding to create the Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship (CAMS), following Oracc and Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative specifications. This freely available, online corpus of material from the four libraries is critically edited according to Assyriological best practice, based on collation of the original tablets wherever possible. It contains searchable transliterations of both manuscripts (tablets) and compositions (composite texts) as well as English translations and full bibliographies.</blockquote>

[[category:projects]]
[[category:ancient Near East]]
[[category:Cuneiform]]

Titivillus

2021-02-02T18:04:08Z

VirginiaKnight: adding new resource

== Available ==
* http://www.riedlberger.de/titivillus

==Authors==

* Philippe Basciano
* Marjorie Burghart
* Federico Boschetti
* Peter Riedlberger

==Description==

(From the project website, accessed 2021-02-02)
:Titivillus adds spellchecking for Latin and Ancient Greek to Microsoft Word on Microsoft Windows. Once it is installed, you can spellcheck Latin and Ancient Greek just as you spellcheck any modern language. Titivillus not only flags possible mistakes, but also gives you suggestions for possible corrections and allows you to add entries to a personal dictionary. Titivillus is free of charge.

Titivillus comes without warranty or liability.

[[Category:Tools]]
[[Category:Lexica]]
[[Category:Openaccess]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T18:05:45Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ changed several to many - there are lots of ancient Mediterranean scripts in Unicode!

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for many ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lydian, U+10920..U+1093F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F
* Palmyrene, U+10860..U+1087F
* Coptic, U+2C80..U+2CFF

Other scripts may have their own [https://graphemica.com/blocks Unicode block].

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T17:51:53Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ adding link to list of Unicode blocks

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lydian, U+10920..U+1093F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F
* Palmyrene, U+10860..U+1087F
* Coptic, U+2C80..U+2CFF

Other scripts may have their own [https://graphemica.com/blocks Unicode block].

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T17:46:48Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ adding Lydian

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lydian, U+10920..U+1093F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F
* Palmyrene, U+10860..U+1087F
* Coptic, U+2C80..U+2CFF

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T17:43:39Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ adding Coptic as we have resources relating to Coptic

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F
* Palmyrene, U+10860..U+1087F
* Coptic, U+2C80..U+2CFF

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T17:40:58Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ adding Palmyrene

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F
* Palmyrene, U+10860..U+1087F

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2021-01-12T17:36:25Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries */ adding Ugaritic

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F
* Ugaritic, U+10380..U+1039F

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Unicode for ancient languages

2020-12-01T18:11:51Z

VirginiaKnight: adding some more Unicode ranges for scripts, and link to Graphemica

==Introduction==

Unicode is the ''de facto'' standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's digital writing systems. Maintained by a nonprofit organization, Unicode is the basis upon which we can create and edit text in mixed alphabets and reliably share that data with other people, changes in fonts notwithstanding. That is, any text that is Unicode compliant remains constant, no matter what font is used to display the data. If some software tries to display some Unicode-compliant text in a particular font that does not support a particular alphabet, and ends up displaying boxes, the underlying data is still fine. Swapping the text to a font that does support the alphabet will reveal this to be the case.

With more than 110,000 characters, Unicode is as complex as human writing itself, and so lends itself to organization. Because computers work on the binary system, it was considered ideal to number the characters or glyphs in Unicode in hexadecimal numeration, which uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. (Decimal 10 is Hexadecimal A; decimal 17 = hex 10; decimal 79 = hex 4F.) It is therefore helpful to think of Unicode as a very long ribbon sixteen characters wide. That ribbon is divided into Unicode blocks, each one corresponding, more or less, with a particular alphabet. (This ribbon image [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/0000-0FFF is illustrated nicely here].) Even more important, it is common to refer to Unicode characters with the assigned hexadecimal value in four or more digits, prefaced by "U+", and to state the official name of the Unicode character fully in uppercase. Thus U+0020 is SPACE, U+00AE is ®, the REGISTERED SIGN, and U+044E is ю, CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU.

==Special Features in Unicode Classicists Should Know==

Because writing systems from antiquity have been introduced to Unicode in phases, there are special exceptions or behaviors that classicists should be aware of.

The Greek alphabet is split principally between two major blocks:
* Greek and Coptic U+0370..03FF
* Greek Extended U+1F00..1FFF.

The first block retains its original name, but the Coptic alphabet has been given its own Unicode block: Coptic U+2C80..2CFF. Other Unicode blocks that carry Greek characters:

* Ancient Greek Numbers U+10140..1018F (note that the end of this block includes papyrological characters that are not numbers)
* Linear B Syllabary, U+10000..1007F
* Linear B Ideograms U+10080..100FF
* Aegean Numbers, U+10100..1013F
* Byzantine Musical Symbols, U+1D000..1D0FF
* General Punctuation, U+2000..206F (note esp. punctuation marks toward end)

If you are using combining characters, these are generally drawn from the general Combining Diacritical Marks block, U+0300..036F. This applies also to common punctuation.

A false distinction was introduced to Unicode between the oxia (acute) and tonos, resulting in wrongly duplicated code points. See [[Greek Unicode duplicated vowels]] for a full discussion.

The Greek question mark is simply the common semicolon (U+003B). There is a GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E but the Unicode database marks the latter to be normalized to the former.

Unicode introduced a distinction between uppercase and lowercase numerals for six, ninety, and nine hundred: U+03DA, U+03DB (Ϛϛ), and U+03DE..U+03E1 (ϞϟϠϡ). There are no rules that dictate which form is preferred.

==Latin Code Points==
Unicode provide characters in the ''Ancient Symbols'' block for Roman currency and the Tau-Rho monogram. Unicode block U+10190..1019C

==Other Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries==
Unicode provides glyphs for several ancient languages of the Mediterranean. Not all languages are represented, and even in the ones that are, not all glyphs are present. A sample is listed below.

* Linear A, U+10600..10767
* Phaistos disc, U+101D0..U+101FD
* Cypriot syllabary, U+10800..U+1083F
* Lycian, U+10280..U+1029C
* Phoenician U+10900..U+1091F (applies to Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Palaeo-Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic)
* Old Italic U+10300..U+1032F (applies to glyphs for Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene)
* Cuneiform U+12000..U+123FF (applies to Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian)
** Also Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation U+12400–U+1247F and Early Dynastic Cuneiform U+12480–U+1254F

==Standardization of Glyphs Not in Unicode==

If you think a glyph deserves to be included in Unicode but are not certain, it is best to start with the [[Unicode discussion list]] and Deborah Anderson at Berkeley.

If a new character is in order and you need to create a proposal, you may wish to study how other proposals have been developed.

* The [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]] has made several Unicode proposals for the encoding of Ancient Greek characters and symbols (several [https://escholarship.org/uc/tlg_unicode TLG proposals] online);
* the [[EAGLE]] committee, who have also made recommendations for Latin epigraphic symbols;

If a glyph is not considered to have the merit of being included in Unicode, but is thought important for specialized fonts, you may wish to study how others have been designed and developed:

* David Perry (creator of the [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo font]) has also done work in this area;
* [[MUFI]] (the Mediaeval Unicode Font Initiative) are a group with related concerns
* [[Athena Ruby]], from Dumbarton Oaks, has encoded a number of specialized symbols and characters by tying the glyphs not only to the Private Use Area but to their proper code point (where it exists).

==Learning more about Unicode blocks and glyphs==
The definitive reference for Unicode are the publications of the [https://home.unicode.org/ Unicode Consortium], the most recent of which is [https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ Unicode 13.0]. Unicode code blocks and characters are also documented in Wikipedia, which may provide a faster and more accessible way to see which characters are available and what their code points are. Search for the language name, for ex. ''Old Italic (Unicode Block)''. The [http://graphemica.com Graphemica] website is another easily searchable way to find a particular block or glyph, with full details of encodings.

==Other Resources ==

* [[Unicode discussion list]]
* [[:Category:Unicode]]
* [[:Category:Fonts]]

[[category:FAQ]]
[[category:unicode]]

Callimachus

2020-11-10T17:56:07Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ adding language information

==Available==
* https://glg.csic.es/Callimachus/Callimachus_presentation.html

==Author==
* [http://cchs.csic.es/es/personal/daniel.rianno Daniel Riaño Rufilanchas]

==Description==
From the project website (accessed 2020-110-10):

:Callimachus is an automated regest of published papyri and ostraka in Greek, Latin and Coptic with Greek words - in other words, a processed extract of the formal contents of the text in the papyri hosted at the Papyri.info site. Additional info about the date, origin, material, etc., of the papyri (from the HGV database) is included in order to enrich queries.

:Callimachus contains three kinds of information:
:* countable features of the text, as encoded by the Papyri.info project. For instance, how many words, letters, gaps, letters per line, scribal hands, etc. can be found inside every document
:* automated calculation of the state of the text of the papyrus ('Callimachus number'). In other words, how much (and how well) the original text of the papyrus can be read in the edition used by Papyri.info:
:** Callimachus Readability Number (CRN) is a measure of the readability of the part of the text that was edited (0 (illegible) to 1 (perfectly legible))
:** Callimachus Conservation Number (CCN) is a measure of the conservation of the papyrus' text (0 (nothing preserved) to 1 (completely preserved))
:* data about the papyrus (or ostrakon) itself, as provided by the Papyri.info project: Date, Origin, material, content, etc.

:You can use Callimachus to search papyri containing any specific feature, or combination of features, or for building a corpus.

[[category:tools]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Egyptology]]
[[category:papyrology]]

Callimachus

2020-11-10T17:53:05Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ tweak to bullet points

==Available==
* https://glg.csic.es/Callimachus/Callimachus_presentation.html

==Author==
* [http://cchs.csic.es/es/personal/daniel.rianno Daniel Riaño Rufilanchas]

==Description==
From the project website (accessed 2020-110-10):

:Callimachus is an automated regest of published papyri and ostraka, i.e. a processed extract of the formal contents of the text in the papyri hosted at the Papyri.info site. Additional info about the date, origin, material, etc., of the papyri (from the HGV database) is included in order to enrich queries.

:Callimachus contains three kinds of information:
:* countable features of the text, as encoded by the Papyri.info project. For instance, how many words, letters, gaps, letters per line, scribal hands, etc. can be found inside every document
:* automated calculation of the state of the text of the papyrus ('Callimachus number'). In other words, how much (and how well) the original text of the papyrus can be read in the edition used by Papyri.info:
:** Callimachus Readability Number (CRN) is a measure of the readability of the part of the text that was edited (0 (illegible) to 1 (perfectly legible))
:** Callimachus Conservation Number (CCN) is a measure of the conservation of the papyrus' text (0 (nothing preserved) to 1 (completely preserved))
:* data about the papyrus (or ostrakon) itself, as provided by the Papyri.info project: Date, Origin, material, content, etc.

:You can use Callimachus to search papyri containing any specific feature, or combination of features, or for building a corpus.

[[category:tools]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Egyptology]]
[[category:papyrology]]

Callimachus

2020-11-10T17:51:34Z

VirginiaKnight: creating Callimachus resource

==Available==
* https://glg.csic.es/Callimachus/Callimachus_presentation.html

==Author==
* [http://cchs.csic.es/es/personal/daniel.rianno Daniel Riaño Rufilanchas]

==Description==
From the project website (accessed 2020-110-10):

:Callimachus is an automated regest of published papyri and ostraka, i.e. a processed extract of the formal contents of the text in the papyri hosted at the Papyri.info site. Additional info about the date, origin, material, etc., of the papyri (from the HGV database) is included in order to enrich queries.

:Callimachus contains three kinds of information:
* countable features of the text, as encoded by the Papyri.info project. For instance, how many words, letters, gaps, letters per line, scribal hands, etc. can be found inside every document
* automated calculation of the state of the text of the papyrus ('Callimachus number'). In other words, how much (and how well) the original text of the papyrus can be read in the edition used by Papyri.info:
** Callimachus Readability Number (CRN) is a measure of the readability of the part of the text that was edited (0 (illegible) to 1 (perfectly legible))
** Callimachus Conservation Number (CCN) is a measure of the conservation of the papyrus' text (0 (nothing preserved) to 1 (completely preserved))
* data about the papyrus (or ostrakon) itself, as provided by the Papyri.info project: Date, Origin, material, content, etc.

:You can use Callimachus to search papyri containing any specific feature, or combination of features, or for building a corpus.

[[category:tools]]
[[category:Coptic]]
[[category:Egyptology]]
[[category:papyrology]]

Sanskrit WordNet

2020-10-06T16:50:32Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource

==Available==
* https://sanskritwordnet.unipv.it/

==Directors==
* William Michael Short
* Silvia Luraghi

==Description==
From the project website (accessed: 2020-10-6):
:The Sanskrit WordNet is an on-going collaboration between the University of Pavia and the University of Exeter, under the joint direction of William Michael Short and Silvia Luraghi to create a comprehensive lexico-semantic database of the Sanskrit language. It is intended to model Sanskrit's semantic system as fully and accurately as possible, in a form that is machine-interpretable and machine-actionable, and thus suitable to NLP applications of different kinds, especially in the area of natural language understanding.

[[category:Resources]]
[[category:Sanskrit]]

GrEpiAbbr

2020-10-06T15:46:59Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ tweaking formatting

==Available==
* https://www.aiegl.org/grepiabbr.html

==Editors ==

* A. Chaniotis
* T. Corsten
* D. Feissel
* P.-L. Gatier
* K. Hallof
* M. Hatzopoulos
* S. Orlandi
* R. Parker
* D. Rousset
* C. Schuler

==Description==

A list of abbreviations of editions and works of reference for alphabetic Greek epigraphy. It is based on four principles:
* to change accepted conventions as little as possible;
* to create a system as coherent as possible ;
* to prefer abbreviations to acronyms;
* to be as clear as possible for everybody interested in antiquity in the broadest sense.

The list may be downloaded in as a Word document or as a PDF file. An introduction to it is available in several languages.

[[category:Tools]]
[[category:Epigraphy]]

GrEpiAbbr

2020-10-06T15:46:23Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Editors */ punctuation

GrEpiAbbr

2020-10-06T15:45:28Z

VirginiaKnight: creating page

==Available==
* https://www.aiegl.org/grepiabbr.html

==Editors ==

* A. Chaniotis,
* T. Corsten,
* D. Feissel,
* P.-L. Gatier,
* K. Hallof,
* M. Hatzopoulos,
* S. Orlandi,
* R. Parker,
* D. Rousset
* C. Schuler.

==Description==

A list of abbreviations of editions and works of reference for alphabetic Greek epigraphy. It is based on four principles:
* to change accepted conventions as little as possible;
* to create a system as coherent as possible ;
* to prefer abbreviations to acronyms;
* to be as clear as possible for everybody interested in antiquity in the broadest sense.

The list may be downloaded in as a Word document or as a PDF file. An introduction to it is available in several languages.

[[category:Tools]]
[[category:Epigraphy]]

Theatra

2020-07-14T17:08:46Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ adding punctuation

==Available==
* http://www.theatra.mom.fr/

==Authors==
* Jean-Charles Moretti

* https://www.theatra.mom.fr/collaborateurs

==Description==

(adapted from a message to CLASSICISTS@liv.ac.uk, 2020-02-16)

:Theatra aims to compile publications and scientific presentations (exhibitions, conferences, symposia, thesis defenses etc.) concerning the architecture of ancient theatres and odeons. Buildings intended for political assemblies or ritual performances are not taken into account. Where possible, there are exact GPS coordinates and photographs of the buildings.

:There are individual reviews for recent publications (from 2015 onwards). Each review includes a summary and analysis, and in some cases is accompanied by a critical opinion placed in square brackets. Whenever possible, there are links to online articles and books. Older major reference works relating to particular buildings, whole areas or the architecture of ancient theatres in general are also listed.

The language of the site is French.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:architecture]]
[[category:bibliography]]

Theatra

2020-07-14T17:04:50Z

VirginiaKnight: adding citation

==Available==
* http://www.theatra.mom.fr/

==Authors==
* Jean-Charles Moretti

* https://www.theatra.mom.fr/collaborateurs

==Description==

(adapted from a message to CLASSICISTS@liv.ac.uk, 2020-02-16)

Theatra aims to compile publications and scientific presentations (exhibitions, conferences, symposia, thesis defenses etc.) concerning the architecture of ancient theatres and odeons. Buildings intended for political assemblies or ritual performances are not taken into account. Where possible, there are exact GPS coordinates and photographs of the buildings.

There are individual reviews for recent publications (from 2015 onwards). Each review includes a summary and analysis, and in some cases is accompanied by a critical opinion placed in square brackets. Whenever possible, there are links to online articles and books. Older major reference works relating to particular buildings, whole areas or the architecture of ancient theatres in general are also listed.

The language of the site is French.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:architecture]]
[[category:bibliography]]

Theatra

2020-07-14T16:44:09Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource

==Available==
* http://www.theatra.mom.fr/

==Authors==
* Jean-Charles Moretti

* https://www.theatra.mom.fr/collaborateurs

==Description==
Theatra aims to compile publications and scientific presentations (exhibitions, conferences, symposia, thesis defenses etc.) concerning the architecture of ancient theatres and odeons. Buildings intended for political assemblies or ritual performances are not taken into account. Where possible, there are exact GPS coordinates and photographs of the buildings.

There are individual reviews for recent publications (from 2015 onwards). Each review includes a summary and analysis, and in some cases is accompanied by a critical opinion placed in square brackets. Whenever possible, there are links to online articles and books. Older major reference works relating to particular buildings, whole areas or the architecture of ancient theatres in general are also listed.

The language of the site is French.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:architecture]]
[[category:bibliography]]

Biblissima

2019-12-03T19:08:39Z

VirginiaKnight: removing bibliography category

==Available==
* https://iiif.biblissima.fr/collections/

==Editors==
* Kévin Bois
* Eduard Frunzeanu
* Régis Robineau

==Contact==

* team@biblissima-condorcet.fr

==Description==

Taken from the project website (Accessed 2019-12-03):

<blockquote>
This website provides an experimental cross-collection search and discovery environment for IIIF-compliant manuscripts and rare books dated before 1800.

The general approach of this prototype is not only to harvest and index the Manifests’ metadata as present at the source, but also to reconcile, cluster and normalise some of the metadata elements in order to enable powerful search capabilities. This data processing uses the big cluster of authorities which forms the backbone of the Biblissima portal.

This is a prototype application, it will be enhanced, updated and enriched on a regular basis.
</blockquote>

At present the site contains metadata, and in many cases browsable images, for some 65,000 manuscripts.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:manuscripts]]

Coptic Dictionary Onlline

2019-12-03T19:06:18Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource

==Available==

* https://coptic-dictionary.org/

==Editors==

* https://coptic-dictionary.org/about.cgi

==Description==

From the website (accessed 2019-12-03):

<blockquote>
The Coptic Dictionary Online aims to make it easy to look up Coptic words in all dialects and supply freely accessible translations in English, French and German, via human and machine readable interfaces. From the dictionary's main page you can run a configurable search using the following fields:
<ul>
<li>Coptic word - enter Coptic text in utf-8 characters. You can also use regular expression wildcards.</li>
<li>Dialect - select one of the dialect sigla or use any for any dialect</li>
<li>Scriptorium Tag - part of speech tag to limit the search by</li>
<li>Search in definitions - you can search within definitions in either English, French or German, or in any language. Searches can be restricted to exact sequences of words within definitions, or else to definitions containing all of the entered words in any order</li>
</ul>
The Coptic Dictionary Online is linked to Coptic Scriptorium corpora. Users can search for attestations of words, get frequencies and rank information or browse collocations of words.

</blockquote>

[[category:tools]]
[[category:Coptic]]

Biblissima

2019-12-03T18:51:24Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource

Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams

2019-09-03T17:20:39Z

VirginiaKnight: adding contact

==Available==

* http://www.dbbe.ugent.be/

==Director==

* Kristoffel Demoen

==Description==

From the website (accessed 2019-09-03):

:The Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams (DBBE) is an ongoing project that makes available both textual and contextual data of book epigrams - also known as “metrical paratexts” - from medieval Greek manuscripts dating up to the fifteenth century. Book epigrams are defined as poems in and on books: they have as subject the very manuscript in which they are found, elaborating on its production, contents and use.

:The database distinguishes between two kinds of textual material, namely occurrences and types. Occurrences are book epigrams exactly as they occur in one specific manuscript. The data collected is largely the result of careful manuscript consultation, either in situ or based on (digital) reproductions, conducted by the DBBE team. The remainder is compiled from descriptive catalogues and other relevant publications. Individual verses found in multiple occurrences are linked together by means of dedicated Verse variants pages.

:Types are book epigrams independently of how exactly they occur in the manuscripts, often (though not always) grouping several occurrences that have an identical or at least very similar text. If available, the text of a type is drawn from a critical edition. If not, it is a normalised version of a single representative occurrence.

:Manuscripts are identified by city, library, collection, and shelfmark, generally following the system used by the Pinakes database and for each manuscript providing the unique Diktyon [http://www.diktyon.org/en/] identifier. There is an index of Byzantine people involved in the production of book epigrams, not only poets but also scribes and patrons of manuscripts. If available, basic information such as a (tentative) date or date range as well as references to the repertoria is provided consistently. Bibliographical references are recorded occasionally.

==Contact==

* https://www.dbbe.ugent.be/pages/contact

[[category:projects]]
[[category:Byzantine]]
[[category:Catalogue]]
[[category:Manuscripts]]

Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams

2019-09-03T17:19:31Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ formatting

==Available==

* http://www.dbbe.ugent.be/

==Director==

* Kristoffel Demoen

==Description==

From the website (accessed 2019-09-03):

:The Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams (DBBE) is an ongoing project that makes available both textual and contextual data of book epigrams - also known as “metrical paratexts” - from medieval Greek manuscripts dating up to the fifteenth century. Book epigrams are defined as poems in and on books: they have as subject the very manuscript in which they are found, elaborating on its production, contents and use.

:The database distinguishes between two kinds of textual material, namely occurrences and types. Occurrences are book epigrams exactly as they occur in one specific manuscript. The data collected is largely the result of careful manuscript consultation, either in situ or based on (digital) reproductions, conducted by the DBBE team. The remainder is compiled from descriptive catalogues and other relevant publications. Individual verses found in multiple occurrences are linked together by means of dedicated Verse variants pages.

:Types are book epigrams independently of how exactly they occur in the manuscripts, often (though not always) grouping several occurrences that have an identical or at least very similar text. If available, the text of a type is drawn from a critical edition. If not, it is a normalised version of a single representative occurrence.

:Manuscripts are identified by city, library, collection, and shelfmark, generally following the system used by the Pinakes database and for each manuscript providing the unique Diktyon [http://www.diktyon.org/en/] identifier. There is an index of Byzantine people involved in the production of book epigrams, not only poets but also scribes and patrons of manuscripts. If available, basic information such as a (tentative) date or date range as well as references to the repertoria is provided consistently. Bibliographical references are recorded occasionally.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:Byzantine]]
[[category:Catalogue]]
[[category:Manuscripts]]

Diktyon

2019-09-03T17:18:36Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ formatting

==Available==

* http://www.diktyon.org/en/

==Contributors==

* http://www.diktyon.org/en/membres/

==Description==

(From the project website, accessed 2019-09-03):

:Diktyon is a scientific network of digital resources and databases on Greek manuscripts Faced with the proliferation of digital resources on the web and the risk of dispersion of the data, the idea was to find ways to coordinate different enterprises in the field of Greek manuscript studies.

:The network operates through the presence of unique identifiers for items that are common to the different resources (shelf marks, authors, etc..). These identifiers are integrated in each database participating in the network, which then develops the necessary scripts to query other databases of the network through these identifiers.

==Contact==

diktyon.contact@gmail.com

[[category:projects]]
[[category:manuscripts]]

Diktyon

2019-09-03T17:17:52Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource.

==Available==

* http://www.diktyon.org/en/

==Contributors==

* http://www.diktyon.org/en/membres/

==Description==

:(From the project website, accessed 2019-09-03):

Diktyon is a scientific network of digital resources and databases on Greek manuscripts Faced with the proliferation of digital resources on the web and the risk of dispersion of the data, the idea was to find ways to coordinate different enterprises in the field of Greek manuscript studies.

The network operates through the presence of unique identifiers for items that are common to the different resources (shelf marks, authors, etc..). These identifiers are integrated in each database participating in the network, which then develops the necessary scripts to query other databases of the network through these identifiers.

==Contact==

diktyon.contact@gmail.com

[[category:projects]]
[[category:manuscripts]]

Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams

2019-09-03T17:07:41Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ tweaking link

==Available==

* http://www.dbbe.ugent.be/

==Director==

* Kristoffel Demoen

==Description==

From the website (accessed 2019-09-03):

The Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams (DBBE) is an ongoing project that makes available both textual and contextual data of book epigrams - also known as “metrical paratexts” - from medieval Greek manuscripts dating up to the fifteenth century. Book epigrams are defined as poems in and on books: they have as subject the very manuscript in which they are found, elaborating on its production, contents and use.

The database distinguishes between two kinds of textual material, namely occurrences and types. Occurrences are book epigrams exactly as they occur in one specific manuscript. The data collected is largely the result of careful manuscript consultation, either in situ or based on (digital) reproductions, conducted by the DBBE team. The remainder is compiled from descriptive catalogues and other relevant publications. Individual verses found in multiple occurrences are linked together by means of dedicated Verse variants pages.

Types are book epigrams independently of how exactly they occur in the manuscripts, often (though not always) grouping several occurrences that have an identical or at least very similar text. If available, the text of a type is drawn from a critical edition. If not, it is a normalised version of a single representative occurrence.

Manuscripts are identified by city, library, collection, and shelfmark, generally following the system used by the Pinakes database and for each manuscript providing the unique Diktyon [http://www.diktyon.org/en/] identifier. There is an index of Byzantine people involved in the production of book epigrams, not only poets but also scribes and patrons of manuscripts. If available, basic information such as a (tentative) date or date range as well as references to the repertoria is provided consistently. Bibliographical references are recorded occasionally.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:Byzantine]]
[[category:Catalogue]]
[[category:Manuscripts]]

Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams

2019-09-03T17:01:09Z

VirginiaKnight: /* Description */ updating

==Available==

* http://www.dbbe.ugent.be/

==Director==

* Kristoffel Demoen

==Description==

From the website (accessed 2019-09-03):

The Database of Byzantine Book Epigrams (DBBE) is an ongoing project that makes available both textual and contextual data of book epigrams - also known as “metrical paratexts” - from medieval Greek manuscripts dating up to the fifteenth century. Book epigrams are defined as poems in and on books: they have as subject the very manuscript in which they are found, elaborating on its production, contents and use.

The database distinguishes between two kinds of textual material, namely occurrences and types. Occurrences are book epigrams exactly as they occur in one specific manuscript. The data collected is largely the result of careful manuscript consultation, either in situ or based on (digital) reproductions, conducted by the DBBE team. The remainder is compiled from descriptive catalogues and other relevant publications. Individual verses found in multiple occurrences are linked together by means of dedicated Verse variants pages.

Types are book epigrams independently of how exactly they occur in the manuscripts, often (though not always) grouping several occurrences that have an identical or at least very similar text. If available, the text of a type is drawn from a critical edition. If not, it is a normalised version of a single representative occurrence.

Manuscripts are identified by city, library, collection, and shelfmark, generally following the system used by the Pinakes database and for each manuscript providing the unique [Diktyon|http://www.diktyon.org/en/] identifier. There is an index of Byzantine people involved in the production of book epigrams, not only poets but also scribes and patrons of manuscripts. If available, basic information such as a (tentative) date or date range as well as references to the repertoria is provided consistently. Bibliographical references are recorded occasionally.

[[category:projects]]
[[category:Byzantine]]
[[category:Catalogue]]
[[category:Manuscripts]]

Database of Ottoman Inscriptions

2019-06-04T17:06:33Z

VirginiaKnight: adding editors

Database of Ottoman Inscriptions

2019-06-04T17:05:18Z

VirginiaKnight: creating resource

==Available==

* http://info.ottomaninscriptions.com/

==Description==

Taken from project website (accessed 2019-06-04):

:This project aims to develop a searchable digital database comprising information about, as well as transliterations and pictures of, all the Turkish, Arabic and Persian architectural inscriptions created in the Ottoman lands during Ottoman times. While tombstone inscriptions are not included in this database, the database does incorporate those inscription texts which were composed but for one reason or another were not actually carved onto a stone; and also, inscriptions that have not survived the passage of time, but which are available to us in the “chronogram” sections of poetry collections. Incorporating these chronograms will give researchers the opportunity to evaluate inscriptions which were otherwise long lost.

:The starting point of the project is the systematic recording of the inscriptions of Istanbul, Bursa and Edirne. Since the editors have decided to begin by entering previously published data into the database, researchers may encounter entries on inscriptions from cities other than Istanbul as well.

:The Database of Ottoman Inscriptions (DOI) is searchable by the benefactor’s name, the location of the building containing the inscription, and the date of construction, as well the types of script or poem.

==Copyright==

* http://info.ottomaninscriptions.com/about/

[[category:projects]]
[[category:epigraphy]]