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At the moment we don't have a usable and citable catalog of deities, from antiquity or otherwise, in the vein of VIAF (for people), of the Perseus Catalog (for authors from antiquity), of Pleiades (for ancient places), or Semium (for time) or Geonames (for places).
However, if we want to have editions as arguments and encoding as interpretation, we need to be able to tag "Apollo", "Hercules", or "Ariadne" in a text and refer to their unique and standard identification somewhere.
It would be nice if there were a book or a cookbook on how to search for categories inside dbpedia, but a digital classicist has made some promising discoveries:
(for Jupiter):
is dbpprop:characters of
• dbpedia:Amphitryon_(play)
is dbpprop:romanEquivalent of
• dbpedia:Zeus
(for Mercury):
dcterms:subject
• category:Death_gods • category:Deities • category:Messenger_gods • category:Roman_gods • category:Commerce_gods • category:Gods • category:Trickster_gods • category:Deities_in_the_Aeneid • category:Gods_depicted_by_Ovid • category:Gods_depicted_by_Virgil
rdf:type
• yago:Cognition100023271 • yago:Content105809192 • yago:Deity109505418 • yago:DeitiesInTheAeneid • yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 • yago:Abstraction100002137 • yago:Belief105941423 • yago:SpiritualBeing109504135
See also a PHP script that crawls dbpedia to create EAC-CPF records for people and families/dynasties, written by Ethan Gruber:
Further promising categories:
select distinct ?s1 as ?c1 where { ?s1 a <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/GreekGoddesses> . } order by desc ( <LONG::IRI_RANK> ( ?s1 ) ) limit 20 offset 0